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golden balls. the weirdest split or steal ever!

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5 HN users recommended this video5 months2012–2025 score 6.5
Years with an HN recommendation, 2007–2026

The canonical real-world example in game theory discussions of manipulating a prisoner's dilemma.

A Golden Balls episode in which one contestant announces he will steal, leading to an unexpected outcome in the split-or-steal prisoner's dilemma.

“This is a classic IMO.” (HN, 2016)

3 strong recommendations · 2 recommendations · 9 citations · Other

14 Hacker News comments

From the HN archive; up to 20 kept per video, favoring different commenters. Recommendations first.

@surreal Oct 2014 Strongly recommends
on HN thread Rock Paper Scissors Programming Competition
This is the most clever I've seen: [this video] He ensures his opponent has nothing to gain from defecting... (Rules etc until 2m 30s, then the game)
A clever strategy removing the opponent's incentive to defect.
@hcarvalhoalves Sep 2016 Strongly recommends
on HN thread What is the Nash Equilibrium and why does it matter?
If you find this article interesting, Coursera's "Competitive Strategy" [1] is a pretty good introduction on the topic of game theory and how it can be used as a decision-making framework for business, I've found. As a case study, I recommend watching this episode of "Golden Balls" [2], which shows how a player can manipulate a game outcome and defeat the natural Nash equilibria. This is a classic IMO. [1] [link] [2] [this video]
Player manipulates the game to defeat the Nash equilibrium.
@J-dawg Jan 2016 Recommends
on HN thread The pirate game
This clip [1], from the UK game show "Golden Balls", is a very entertaining example of a two-player zero-sum game EDIT: As explained in the replies, this is not actually a zero-sum game. [1] [this video]
Entertaining two-player game show example.

Citations, criticism and jokes

@emmelaich Aug 2012 Cites it
on HN thread The Emerging Revolution in Game Theory
Sort of related in that it pertains to Prisoner's Dilemma, and suggested to some that there is a 'solution' to PD: [link] The relevant vid link within: [this video]
Suggests a solution to the Prisoner's Dilemma.
@nosuchthing Feb 2015 Cites it
on HN thread Game Theory Calls Cooperation Into Question
Thought experiments are not set in stone, and even if they were modifications could me made. A real game show [1] put two people in a position of the prisoners dilemma and they were free to communicate. [2] [1] [this video] [2] [link]
Real game show where players could communicate.
@Natsu Aug 2015 Cites it
on HN thread Why Greece and the EU aren't playing games
Read more
This says we can't use game theory to analyze this situation, but the only argument given in support is that humans aren't rational. "Irrational" (or otherwise emotional) strategies are by no means outside of the analysis of game theory. It's well known that by "irrationally" eliminating one of your choices, you can push your opponent into different options. For example, take this infamous episode of split or steal: [this video] One side makes a choice to go with perhaps the most "irrational" choice. But if you think about it for a bit, it's obvious that they end up guaranteeing the better choice for both parties by being less greedy than they might be. Anyone interested in the topic of rationality as it pertains to game theory might also like reading this: [link]
Example of an irrational choice guaranteeing a better outcome.
@Aljik Dec 2015 Cites it
on HN thread Philosophy of science books every computer scientist should read
Read more
If you really ended up thinking like that I think that is more reflective of your personality/mind than Yudkowsky's writings. Like, I don't mean this to be insulting, but normal people don't end up paranoid and anxious and worrying about what levels people are playing at and thinking that super intelligent beings are the nature of the world, after reading LW. Normal people say "Huh thats cool" and it makes for fun dinner table talks and at best comes up in real life if you are a contestant on a game show: [this video] Yudkowsky isn't some devious mastermind trying to brainwash people into thinking wrong so he can. So he can what? Even if he was a devious mastermind who created a polemic work so as to get people to think wrong... what would his goal be?
@nosuchthing Oct 2020 Cites it
on HN thread A Brief Introduction to the Basics of Game Theory
Read more
This paper is funny if you actually understand game theory because you can see how the author either chose to withhold key applicable information for applied game theory or inadequately researched famous game theory principles and developments. This is a much easier and more realistic introduction to game theory principles: [link] Game theory is often explained as a math problem involving humans and a specific scenario that requires a choice, from humans. The scenarios are fun thought experiments and about as useful as the famous trolley problem [1][2] In reality humans have many more variables affecting decisions than the pure rational equations can clearly define. Often the undefined variables are within the context of communication theory and reputation or auditing systems. In the case of the famous prisoners dilemma, the real solution is establishing a secret out of band communication channel prior to the dilemma, alongside a known reputation and retaliation penalty for abusing the mutual trust.[3] [4] The famous "tragedy of the commons" rational resource optimization game is often cited as justification for machiavellian exploitation, yet humans being social creatures are subject to reputations, and have sophisticated communication, cooperation, and retaliation abilities. [4] Elinor Ostrom's "Rules, games, and common-pool resources" and Robert Axelrod's work "The Evolution of Cooperation" both explain game theory in the context of human scale realities. Of particular int
@AceJohnny2 Dec 2021 Cites it
on HN thread Plans you're not supposed to talk about
This reminds me of CEO-speak. A CEO cannot speak their true mind or their true assessment of a situation. They can't say "wow we're in trouble here" because then people will jump ship and then the company will be even more in trouble (and the CEO would get sued for breaching Fiduciary Duty) What a CEO says is merely wishful thinking for a goal they want people to follow. They can never speak their true plan. (And of course, it's all just game theory, a more elaborate version of [this video] )
@int0x2e Dec 2022 Cites it
on HN thread SBF Arrested by Bahamian Authorities
This is almost accurate. You can slightly increase your chances if you say "I will defect, but will take care of your family and give you half my income forever. If you also defect, we will both go to prison and you will be worse off", then don't actually defect - which means you both cooperate! It won't always work, but it did work flawlessly in a show called "Split or Steal", which basically made the prisoner's dilemma a TV show: [this video]
A show that made the prisoner's dilemma into television.

Video list and Hacker News comment labels from HackerTube (prompted by @karpathy), released under ODC-By 1.0, built on the open-index/hacker-news archive. Hacker News data is provided by Y Combinator; comments remain the work of their authors. Video titles, channel names and thumbnails belong to their creators and are shown via YouTube. HackerTube Watch is an unofficial edition. Data export of 2026-10-31.

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