A Crash Course in Modern Hardware by Cliff Click

This was a good attempt but flawed. 1. You should use JMH to handle warmup, jit, timings, averaging of runs, etc. You might enjoy the following talks on the subject, though I am sure there are other gems out there. - Performance Anxiety: [link] - Benchmarking for Good: [link] - (The Art of) (Java) Benchmarking: [link] - A Crash Course in Modern Hardware: [this video] - How NOT to Write a Microbenchmark [link] - Anatomy of a flawed microbenchmark [link] 2. An uncontended lock is basically free, as you noticed. 3. Guava does implement the Map interface via asMap(). It also have a concurrencyLevel to adjust its performance. It is based on Java 5's CHM. 4. Caffeine is a Guava Cache rewrite based on Java 8's CHM rewrite, plus many learnings. You might look at its benchmarks for ideas: [link] 5. Data structures are surprisingly tricky. For example see this analysis showing an accidental misunderstanding degrading an LRU to O(n) eviction. [link] 6. It is important to remember that the goal of a benchmark is never which is faster or by how much. It is to ask (a) is it fast enough? (b) might I reach a point where it will not be? and (c) does it degrade unexpectedly? == This is to say the winner is of little interest, once all the choices are good enough then it is about usability, features, documentation, friendliness, and so on.

Finding a bit strange the overall tone of this thread. Running a mainframe comes with the challenges of finding specialists, relying on a single vendor, having to buy at least two in two different data centers for disaster recovery,etc...But purely from performance point of view, as in throughput, and also quality of service, the case is clear for the mainframe. Spend some time reading the Z15 technical guide, and marvel at what is today the state of the art in computing. We are talking about sustained, full on 5.2 GHz, all the time. Massive IO bandwith, ECC memory everywhere, massive caches, native crypto co-processors. All this, while your x86, most likely, spends most of its time waiting on memory... "A Crash Course in Modern Hardware by Cliff Click" [this video] IBM z15 (8561) Technical Guide [link] [link] What cloud vendors are doing is using, sometimes, custom hardware to create a mainframe at cloud scale. Its just due to the sheer incompetence of IBM management, that they were unable to leverage their mainframe technologies, and offer cloud offerings that would be competitive on a price per compute or storage unit.

I understood the main points pretty well and the reasoning behind most of them. I don't work in the gaming industry. I draw upon these resources for my context: - [link] - Mike Acton "Data-Oriented Design and C++" [link] - A Crash Course in Modern Hardware by Cliff Click [this video] - GCAP 2017: Decima Visibility in HZD [link] - GPU-Based Run-Time Procedural Placement in HZD [link] - [link] I say this only to make the point that optimization is not completely inaccessible to the average person. It is useful to understand what the hardware is doing--up to a certain point; good abstractions are also necessary.